Participants will be able to identify potential hazards and what steps can be taken to avoid unsafe conditions when working in and near an excavation site. This understanding can help avoid many of the problems associated with excavation. These are the most common and will be present in most workplaces at one time or another. When a tender is accepted and the project reaches the construction phase the principal contractor must control the hazards and risks as outlined in his construction phase plan. A trench is an excavation in which the depth exceeds the width. Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. To prevent caveins, osha requires a professional engineer or a qualified professional to analyze soil composition, and then design and implement a system that. The fatal injury rate for the construction industry is higher than the national average in this category for all industries. A safe system of work sets out how a piece of work or a project will be completed safely and in compliance with relevant legislation.
This swms covers general hazards associated with hydro excavation using a hydro excavation truck. Job hazard analysis for the water distribution system. Pdf a study on potential physical hazards at construction sites. Water hazards associated with excavation or trench are evaluated and controlled. A study on potential physical hazards at construction sites. Working at height hazards and risks 103 examples of work activities involving a risk of injury 103 basic hazards and risk factors 103. Ground collapse is one of the main risks of excavation work. Hazards associated with the collapse of the walls of an excavation or collapse caused by the undermining of adjacent structures. Although its not surprising that construction sites involve uneven surfaces and unstable terrain, its surprising that so many accidents happen when many could be prevented.
Do not allow vehicles to operate too close to excavated areas. Guide for safety with underground services pdf 349 kb. Machineryrelated hazards lockouttagout, boiler safety, forklifts, etc. Work in schools, daycare facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency response, nursing homes, outdoor occupations, etc. This risk assessment allows the principal contractor or relevant person to identify all hazards associated with the. They include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness, and death. It is a challenging place to work, associated with high risk environments where employees are exposed to harsh and dangerous situations. Hazards include caveins, struckby injuries, electrical contact, and slips, trips, and falls. An effective program includes provisions for the systematic identification, evaluation and prevention or control of general work place hazards, specific job hazards and potential hazards that may arise from foreseeable conditions. It does not include a mine, a bore or a trench to be used as a place of interment. Primary duty of care a pcbu must eliminate risks arising from excavation work, or if that is not reasonably. Excavation safety standard operating procedures summary. Excavation hazard related topics safety matters health.
In the civil construction industry contractors generally complete an initial risk assessment at the planning phase, this phase may include at the design or tendering stage. People at risk of being caught in a cavein include workers who repair water, sewer and utility lines. Section 1 risk assessment document the hazards and analyse the risks associated with the excavation or digging activities to be undertaken. Safeguards are essential for protecting workers from needless and preventable machineryrelated injuries. Jul 08, 2019 excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. Though they are convenient and necessary, there are four major hazards associated with worker injuries that everyone needs to be aware for proper scaffold safety. Worker safety series construction occupational safety. The guidance in this code is relevant to excavation contractors as well as persons conducting. A cavein occurs when walls of an excavation collapse. Hazards associated with striking underground gas lines. In 201617, construction was found to be the main industry for fatal injuries to workers. Hazards affecting balance account for the majority of workrelated injuries in construction 23% of all injuries in 201415 resulted from slips, trips and falls.
Probably the most common hazard at any work site is the threat of cavein. Hazard communication learn how to be aware of the potential hazards of chemicals that you may encounter in the workplace. The occupational safety and health administration osha issued its first excavation and trenching standard in 1971 to protect workers from excavation hazards. In order to reduce the hazards associated with excavating and trenching operations, the following specific procedures have been developed wac 296155650 thru 664 except in solid rock, the sides of. An excavation is a hole left in the ground as the result of removing material.
Method statement risk assessment scottish government. The most common hazard associated with trenching or excavation work is a cavein, according to the american federation of state, county and municipal employees. Trenching and excavation safety 5 contact and notify the utility companies or owners involved to inform them of the proposed work within established or customary local response times. Hazards associated with trenches protective systems excavations overview main points 22 excavating is recognized as one of the most hazardous construction operations 97 workers were killed on excavationtrenching jobs from 202017. From a low of 10 deaths in 2014 to a high of 33 in 2016. Potential hazards for workers in construction include. Erect all necessary signage to serve notification that construction work, particularly excavation work is in progress in accordance with chapter 8 10. One of the biggest hazards related to trenching and. Trenching and excavation work is inherently dangerous. Materials falling onto the people working in the excavation. Workers and work equipment can fall into an excavated area. Protecting employees in operations involving excavations or trenching is a very high priority.
Spoils, materials, and equipment set back at least two feet from the edge of the excavation. Osha says no matter how deep the excavation is, a competent person must inspect conditions at the site on a daily basis and as frequently as necessary during the progress of work to make sure that the hazards associated with excavations are eliminated before workers are allowed to enter. Working in excavations is an extremely dangerous operation which can be made safe by an awareness of the hazards and the precautions to be taken and careful management of the process. Environmental health and safety excavation, trenching. Preventing accidents in excavations planning prioritising decisions and managing risks links manager worker 1 ensure that excavations are made safe, by trench supports, battering back, fencing or other equally effective measures 2 be aware that there is no safe minimum depth of excavation 3 provide training for your staff which highlights. Pits up to three meters may be excavated for testing subsurface soil, monitoring water table, foundation construction etc.
Mar 01, 20 the most common hazard associated with trenching or excavation work is a cavein, according to the american federation of state, county and municipal employees. Environmental health and safety excavation, trenching and. Employees protected from falling loads while in the excavation or trench. In a bureau of labor and statistics bls study, 72% of workers injured in scaffold accidents attributed the accident either to the planking or support giving way, or to the employee slipping or being struck by a falling object. Construction hazards are heavily dependent on the type of construction work that is being carried out. Write the program to reflect the unique characteristics of the job site. Excavation safety environmental, health and safety. A principal contractor for a construction project i. Major hazards on construction sites health and safety.
Trenching and excavation work presents serious hazards to all workers involved. Roof work has bee n identified as one o f the work activities that lead to main hazards in construction sites with risk score of 16. Work on such installations shall only be conducted by authorized personnel i. Jan 24, 2020 excavation hazard awareness is a free, grantfunded course designed to educate workers about the hazards associated with trenching and excavation work. Oct 18, 2017 list of hazards on a construction site. Excavation work generally means work involving the removal of soil or rock from a site to form an open face, hole or cavity using tools, machinery or explosives. Employees protected from loose rock or soil that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling into. Trench collapses kill an average of two workers every month, making this a serious threat to worker safety. Participants will be able to identify potential hazards and what steps can be taken to avoid unsafe conditions.
Primary duty of care a pcbu must eliminate risks arising from excavation work, or. Introduction to osha free excavation and trenching. Excavation hazards affects and prevention measures 1. Many types of soil, such as clays, are selfsupporting but others, such as sands and gravel, are not many excavations collapse without any warning, resulting in death or serious injury. Jan 30, 2020 hazards affecting balance account for the majority of workrelated injuries in construction 23% of all injuries in 201415 resulted from slips, trips and falls. Understand the basics of hazard communication, the potential hazards associated with various chemicals describe the righttoknow law and its importance explain the purpose of safety data sheets sds recognize different types of warning labels on.
Understanding the risks associated with trenching and excavating can help you. Excavation work generally involves removing soil or rock to make a trench, tunnel or shaft, or filling or part filling a trench, tunnel or shaft. Risks associated with portable ladders, guardrails, and safety nets define what a personal fall arrest system is, and when it is necessary learn what responsibilities employers have as it relates to fall hazards on construction sites major electrocution hazards, including learning how to identify the various types of those hazards. Scaffolds are integral to the construction industry with approximately 65% of the workforce involved in work from scaffolds.
A site and task specific swms should be developed for hazards not covered in this swms. Trenching and excavation safety occupational safety and. Work may proceed with caution, provided detection equipment or other safe and acceptable means e. Excavation hazard awareness is a free, grantfunded course designed to educate workers about the hazards associated with trenching and excavation work.
The main duties in relation to managing the risks of excavation work are set out in chapter 2. The employer or supervisor is responsible for the work, and must take the necessary steps to identify all the hazards and risks before beginning any work. Other risks associated with excavation work, including any connected work such as construction, must also be controlled so they do not cause harm to anyone. Construction workers are exposed to a wide variety of environmental as well as health hazards on the job. Mechanical equipment, tools and other machines have the potential to pose hazards to users including pinch points, wrap points, shear points, crush points, pullin points, and the potential for objects to be thrown from equipment. There are about seven deaths each year due to work in excavations. A necessary first step in planning the approach to any trenching or other excavation project is to understand what could go wrong. A warning system provided when mobile equipment nears the edge of the excavation or trench. This code applies to all types of excavation work, including bulk excavations more than 1. Identify the soil types related to the excavation or trench you are going to dig. Wall failures often occur suddenly, with little or no time for the worker to react. What are the dangers of trenching and excavation operations. There are a range of health and safety risks associated with excavation work including. Since then, osha has amended the standard several times to increase worker protection and to reduce the frequency and severity of excavation accidents and injuries.
Mutcd part 3 is produced by the department of main roads and is based on australian standards as1742. Falls, slips, trips electric shock fire vehicle accident struck by moving vehicle. The cdm 2015 regulations makes the following definition. The civil construction industry provides the built. An effective program includes provisions for the systematic identification, evaluation and prevention or control of general workplace hazards, specific job hazards and potential hazards that may arise from foreseeable conditions.
Failure to use proper personal protective equipment. Regular training is provided to give work crews and supervisors help in the development and understanding of these. Ask the utility companies or owners to establish the location of underground installations prior to the start of excavation work. Employees protected from loose rock or soil that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling into the excavation. Why should you do a jha benefits employee buy in via participation establish a set of written procedures sop. Not much surprises them, except for the fact that the main hazards they see on construction sites have remained the same for years. For example, working on scaffolding presents entirely different hazards to working with asbestos. Excavation safety environmental, health and safety services. A competent person has the following qualifications. The excavation safety for the competent person course is designed to educate workers about the hazards associated with trenching and excavation work. Hazardous atmospheres evaluated prior to entry and during work based on containments present.
The national transportation safety board ntsb reported an incident involving the rupture of an underground natural gas pipeline during excavation that resulted in the release of natural gas and a subsequent explosion. This is the catalyst for the subsequent development of safe work procedures which are documented on job hazard analysis jha worksheets. Assessing major environmental hazards of construction. Pdf excavation safety modeling approach using bim and vpl. Pdf soil excavation is a fundamental step of building and infrastructure. Excavation work is defined as the removal of earth, rock or other material in connection with construction or demolition works using tools, machinery or explosives to form an open face, hole or cavity.
This guide provides general information on legal requirements before performing excavation work, hazards to workers near excavation sites, support systems, shaft and tunnel excavations, deep foundation excavations, pile driving and manitoba soil properties. There are many potential hazards when working in excavations and trenches. Information regarding related hazards and methods of protection are covered. There are number of hazards which may be encountered in excavations of pits up to 3m depths. A person conducting a business or undertaking must manage risks associated with all kinds of excavations at the workplace, no matter how deep. Associated with working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials. Introduction to osha free excavation and trenching training.
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